China had quite a few useful protective geological formations -- the Himalayas and vast deserts protecting both its south and west borders, and the mighty Pacific Ocean spanning its eastern shores. the only thing that was unprotected was its north, a huge, ongoing plane open to attackers. This created the need for the Great Wall of China. But these natural barriers also almost completely cut off communication with other empires. A mountain range runs smack through the middle of China that divided it into a northern and southern half, and it was extremely difficult to maintain any kind of touch between them. Another big resource that china had was its huge rivers. they were used for transportation, and river cut valleys were some of the only places where you could escape the cold wind. also, rivers created large flats at their mouths to inhabit or farm, for it was easy to irrigate plants on suck balls a flat with water nearby. One thing that was not so good about Ancient China was that there was hardly any fertile soil. to make up for this lacking, the Chinese made irrigation systems miles long, and terraced hills so more of the land could be farmed.